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Climate Change

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Satellite Remote Sensing for Climate Change

With new satellite constellations being launched, covering a spectral range of 0.4 µm to 14.0 µm (micron), and availability of Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), Computer Vision (CV) algorithms and management systems, industrial and natural emissions can be detected to monitor climate change to understand and observe the changes in our weather and environment.

Satellite remote sensing can contribute to a wide array of global climate-change related application areas for vegetation and ecosystem dynamics including CO2 Carbon Dioxide detection, CO4 methane detection, disaster monitoring, weather patterns, land surface climatology, hydrology, and land cover change.

Methane Plume (CO4) Detection by NASA's AVIRIS-NG Satellite - Summer 2020

Copyright © NASA/JPL-Caltech. All rights reserved.

Carbon Mapper Satellite Sensor (30m)

The increase of carbon footprints around the globe has resulted in higher temperatures due to greenhouse gas emissions and is having a major effect on the environment and threatening species everywhere. Two (2) Carbon Mapper Satellite sensors, are expected to be launched in 2023 by Planet Labs PBC, under the Carbon Mapper nonprofit organization and its partners – the State of California, NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (NASA JPL), Planet, the University of Arizona, Arizona State University (ASU), High Tide Foundation and Rocky Mountain Institute (RMI). The Carbon Mapper satellite constellation, with a spatial resolution of 30m, can detect CO2 gases and CO4 methane that are being released in the atmosphere in critical areas.

Carbon Mapper will also provide an additional 25 + other carbon and environmental indicators to resolve and to reduce the amount of emissions in our air and global ecosystems, utilizing a spectral range from 0.4 µm to 2.5 µm (micron).

This last century the demand for food, water, shelter, energy, and consumerism is threatening our natural resources, some by forces of nature, but the majority of issues by human activity contributing to the carbon footprint that is induced by keeping up with the demands of a growing population. The depletion of our natural resources are causing changes in our environment, our health, and our ecosystems.

There are billions of people living on this earth and most are living in high-density cities in countries around the world. Many countries are at risk of running out of necessary resources due to climate change, overpopulation, and disease. Food production is at most risk requiring the need to farm more land which results in deforestation, pollution, habitat loss of species, and lack of water for a growing population.

Observing climate change stressors in high denisity urban areas, transportation and many other industrial entities are critical to reducing the amount of greenhouse gases that are being released into the atmosphere. Monitoring soil moisture, weather patterns, population, vegetation, ice, and glacier stability in sensitive areas. Earth observation satellite sensors and AI/ML algorithms can produce models to detect, predict, and analyze the current situation and look into our future outcome in climate change.

Reflected and Thermal InfraRed Spectral Range

Copyright © IntechOpen. All rights reserved

WorldView-2 (0.5m) Satellite Image of Oil Refinery

Copyright © MAXAR. All rights reserved.

Satellite Remote Sensing and Aritificial Intelligence (AI) for Climate Change

The latest innovation to aid in predicting global climate change has been from the utilization of AI and ML algorithms and management  systems. AI for climate change takes advantage of ML and Computer Vision (CV) models. Using imagery collected by satellites, aircraft or unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) can predict behavior and provide near real-time reports of climate change due to the increase of CO4 methane and CO2 being released into our atmosphere. This state-of-the-art technology enables scientists to predict the changes and provide models to monitor, manage, and quantify the amount of green house gases being released that can aid in reducing the acceleration of weather patterns.

Satellite Imaging Corporation (SIC) can provide satellite image datasets for vegetation and land cover use, monitoring change detection and climate change by updating a projected area and incorporating a more recent image to determine the changes over a period of time.

Himalayas Mountains - Landsat 5, 7, and 8 (15m) 3D DEM - Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ( NDVI ) 1993 - 2017

Copyright © NASA. All rights reserved.

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FAQ’S

Frequently Asked Questions

How to find Geographic Coordinates in Google maps?

To find geographic coordinates in Google Maps, you can follow these steps:

  1. Open Google Maps in your web browser or on your mobile device.

  2. Search for the location you want to find the geographic coordinates for by entering the address, landmark, or name of the place in the search bar at the top of the page.

  3. Once the location is displayed on the map, right-click (or long-press on mobile) the exact point on the map where you want to find the coordinates. This will open a small menu.

  4. In the menu that appears, click on “What’s here?” or “What’s here? – Coordinates” option. On mobile devices, you may need to tap on the location marker first to reveal the menu options.

  5. A small information box will appear at the bottom of the screen, displaying the latitude and longitude coordinates of the selected point. The coordinates will be shown in decimal degrees format.

  6. You can click on the coordinates in the information box to expand it and see the coordinates in different formats, such as degrees, minutes, and seconds (DMS) or Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) format.

To create a KML (Keyhole Markup Language) file in Google Earth, you can follow these steps:

  1. Download Google Earth Pro and Open on your computer.

  2. Navigate to the location or area you want to create a KML file for by using the search bar, zooming in/out, and panning on the map.

  3. Customize the view and layers in Google Earth Pro to include the specific data or elements you want to include in your KML file. This can include placemarks, paths, polygons, overlays, images, and more.

  4. Once you have set up the desired view and layers, go to the “Add” menu at the top of the screen and select the type of element you want to add (e.g., placemark, path, polygon, image overlay).

  5. Follow the prompts to add the specific element and provide the necessary information, such as location coordinates, name, description, and any additional properties or styling options.

  6. Repeat the previous step if you want to add more elements to your KML file.

  7. After adding all the desired elements, go to the “File” menu and select “Save Place As.”

  8. In the “Save Place As” dialog box, choose a location on your computer where you want to save the KML file.

  9. Specify the name of the KML file, ensuring it has the .kml extension (e.g., myfile.kmL), you may need to select KML as GoogleEarth defaults to KMZ formats.

  10.  Click the “Save” button to save the KMZ file to the specified location on your computer.

Ordering commercial high-resolution and medium-resolution satellite maps process:

  1. Identify your requirements: Determine the specific needs for the satellite maps, including the desired resolution, geographic coverage, acquisition date, and any additional specifications such as spectral bands or cloud cover constraints.

  2. Contact Us: Reach out to us to inquire about our imaging product and services. Provide us with the details of your requirements, including the area of interest, resolution, and any other specifications.

  3. If there is high urgency for imagery, please let us know that this is a time sensitive project. Any project deadlines should be included with your initial contact.

  4. Request a quote: Ask for a formal quote for the satellite maps you need. The quote should include information such as the cost, delivery timeline, licensing terms, and any additional services like data processing or analysis.

  5. Review the quote: Evaluate the quote provided by us and if needed, we can negotiate the terms, pricing, or any specific requirements that may not be fully covered.

  6. Confirm the order: Once you are satisfied with the quote and have reached an agreement, confirm your order. We will guide you through the necessary steps for payment and delivery.

  7. Receive the satellite maps: After the order is confirmed and payment is processed, you will receive the satellite map data in the specified format. This may include downloading the data from a secure portal or receiving physical media, depending on delivery method.

  8. Utilize the satellite maps: With the satellite maps that you receive, you can utilize it for your intended purposes, such as GIS data, 3D terrain maps, disaster, geospatial data, and other applications as needed.

Satellite map raw files refer to the unprocessed and unedited data captured by satellite sensors. These files contain the raw data received by the satellite sensors, including the reflected or emitted electromagnetic radiation from the Earth’s surface.

Satellite map raw files typically come in specialized formats specific to each satellite sensor or provider. These formats may include formats like GeoTIFF (georeferenced Tagged Image File Format) or ENVI (Environment for Visualizing Images). The raw files preserve the original sensor readings, which can include various spectral bands, radiometric information, and geometric parameters.

Raw files require processing to convert them into usable formats, such as georeferenced images or digital elevation model(DEM). Processing steps may involve radiometric and geometric corrections, atmospheric compensation, calibration, orthorectification, and mosaicking, among others.

Once processed, raw files can provide valuable information for various GIS data applications, including 3D terrain maps, agriculture production maps, vegetation maps, and disaster maps.

To download satellite maps from an FTP (File Transfer Protocol) server, you can follow these general steps:

  1. Obtain the FTP server information: Get the FTP server details from the satellite maps provider or the source you are accessing. This includes the FTP server address, username, password, and potentially the directory path to the imagery files.

  2. Choose an FTP client: Select an FTP client software or application that allows you to connect to the FTP server and perform file transfers. Some popular options include FileZilla, WinSCP, Cyberduck, or the built-in FTP functionality of certain web browsers.

  3. If you are unable to download an FTP client due to software locks, Windows has a built in FTP Protocol that can be accessed by copying the URL of the FTP server in your Windows File Explorer.

  4. Depending on the method to connect to the FTP, you will need credentials including a Username and Password to access these file.

  5. Most FTP clients will allow you to Copy and Paste or Drag and Drop the files from the client window to your local files.

Remember to comply with any terms and conditions associated with the satellite map data, including usage restrictions, licensing agreements, and any attribution requirements specified by the provider.

For any other questions or for a consultation, please contact us.

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